量子力学的三种绘景

王怀玉

WANG Huai-yu

Received:2018-05-27 Accepted:2018-06-21 Online:2018-12-20 Published:2019-01-15

摘要： 介绍了量子力学中三种绘景的公式以及它们的推导.这三种绘景是: 薛定谔绘景﹑海森伯绘景和相互作用绘景.指

出了一些教科书上有关公式的瑕疵，并说明其原因.给出了薛定谔绘景和相互作用绘景中的时间演化算符之间关系的正确的

表达式.通常的教科书上限定初始时刻为0，因此给出了不正确的表达式.明确了通常的量子力学教科书上讲的含时微扰公式

的来源.

关键词: 薛定谔绘景, 海森伯绘景, 相互作用绘景, 微扰展开公式

Abstract: The formalisms of the three representations in quantum mechanics are introduced. They are

Schrdinger representation，Heisenburg representation and interaction representation. The mistakes in some text

books and their reasons are pointed out. A correct expression between the time evolution operators in the

Schrdinger and interaction representations is given. The expression in some text books is wrong because the initial

time is set as zero. The time-dependent perturbation formula is derived.

Key words: Schrdinger representation, Heisenburg representation, interaction representation, perturbation series formula

王怀玉. 量子力学的三种绘景[J]. 大学物理, 2018, 37(12): 7-.

WANG Huai-yu. Three representations in quantum mechanics[J]. College Physics, 2018, 37(12): 7-.

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